Plant Identification

Any idea what this is?  I grew this from NARGS seedex seed in 2012 as Saussurea nepalensis... which it clearly is not.  The seedlings already looked "off" in the early days, compared to those grown by others here (and also by myself on a previous occasion).  This year, I was bemused to see it send up an upright stem that has now topped out at ~1m (39").   Until these yellow flowers started opening, I could have perhaps continued to think it might be some sort of not-rock-garden-material Saussurea but my credulity is all used up now, LOL!

A single leathery leaf popped up out in front yard (full sun, dry) this spring at the base of a verbascum.  It looks fern-like to me... could this be Polypodium hesperium or am I way off base???  I have no explanation why such a thing would suddenly appear but I can't think what else it could be.  Thanks in advance for any information.

I grew this Campanula from seed and lost the marker information (permanent markers aren't so permanent).  I think I may have purchased the seeds from the NARGS seed exchange.  The flower looks like Campanula americana, but this Campanula seems to have a horizontal growth habit rather than vertical.  Can someone help?

Can anyone ID this little (8" high by 12" across), shrub please? We have a number of them dotted around the garden but cannot remember where we got them or what they are called. Thanks.

Had a friend send this picture to me requesting an ID . All I know is that it lives in Alaska . Any ideas anyone?

I got these in a packet of L. canadense seed, but I suspect they are michiganense or hybrids.  Strongly recurved petals, blunt shaped petals, blooming 10 days later than the canadense.  Any opinions?

This appeared in the garden a few days ago. Any ideas who I am?

Hi,

I posted about this plant, that I grew from seed, some time ago but can't find the thread (the Search function doesn't work), so I will post again.  

This was grown as Trifolium trichocephalum (from NARGS seedex) and it has finally bloomed in its 3rd year from seed.  Can anyone who is familiar with it confirm the ID please?  I was counting on finding the old thread, so did not photograph the foliage, but can do so.  Here are the flowers, in any case: